Koersi Geoekonomi dan Ketahanan Ekonomi Nasional
Tinjauan Sistematis atas Ketergantungan Strategis dan Respons Kelembagaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/anthor.v5i6.1558Keywords:
Koersi Geoekonomi, Ketahanan Ekonomi, Ketergantungan Strategis, Kapasitas Institusional, PRISMA 2020Abstract
Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah integrasi ketergantungan strategis sebagai saluran transmisi dan kapasitas institusional sebagai faktor pemoderasi dalam menjelaskan dampak koersi geoekonomi terhadap ketahanan ekonomi nasional. Koersi geoekonomi berkembang melalui pemanfaatan hubungan perdagangan, keuangan, teknologi, investasi, dan pasokan strategis untuk memengaruhi pilihan negara lain. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan literatur koersi ekonomi dan ketahanan ekonomi nasional, dengan fokus pada instrumen tekanan, ketergantungan strategis, kapasitas institusional, dan pelajaran kebijakan lintas negara. Tinjauan mengikuti kerangka PRISMA 2020. Workbook audit mencatat angka agregat 10.445 rekaman awal, 2.376 duplikat, 8.069 rekaman untuk penyaringan, dan 838 teks lengkap. Namun, audit record-level hanya mengonfirmasi 42 studi terinklusi; angka tahap sebelumnya diperlakukan sebagai provisional. Berdasarkan berkas ekspor bibliografi, 25 studi berkualitas tinggi dan 17 berkualitas sedang, dengan skor rata-rata 8,17 dari 10. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan perdagangan, sanksi keuangan, kontrol ekspor, pembatasan teknologi dan investasi, serta pengendalian input strategis merupakan instrumen dominan. Dampaknya ditentukan oleh konsentrasi ketergantungan, kekritisan input, substitutabilitas, posisi jaringan, kapasitas fiskal, koordinasi kelembagaan, dan kemitraan internasional. Artikel menawarkan kerangka tekanan geoekonomi, kerentanan struktural, respons institusional, dan hasil ketahanan. Indonesia disarankan menerapkan diversifikasi strategis selektif, pemetaan dependensi kritis, cadangan strategis, pengembangan kapasitas teknologi, serta koordinasi antarlembaga. Seluruh skor kualitas bersifat provisional dan harus dikonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan teks lengkap oleh dua penilai manusia sebelum publikasi.
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