Kualitas dan Pemanfaatan Green Space sebagai Lingkungan Belajar untuk Mendukung Perkembangan Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar
A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/anthor.v5i4.1100Keywords:
Ruang Hijau, Stimulus Kogntif, Sekolah Dasar, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Ruang Green Space di sekolah dasar semakin dipandang sebagai komponen penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang berkualitas. Namun, pemanfaatannya masih lebih banyak berfokus pada fungsi ekologis dan estetis, sementara bukti ilmiah mengenai perannya sebagai lingkungan belajar yang mendukung perkembangan kognitif siswa belum disintesis secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tren penelitian, karakteristik, dampak, mekanisme, serta strategi pemanfaatan Green Space dalam mendukung perkembangan kognitif siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Literatur ditelusuri menggunakan Publish or Perish pada basis data Scopus dan Google Scholar, diseleksi menggunakan Covidence, serta dianalisis secara tematik dan bibliometrik menggunakan VOSviewer. Sebanyak 21 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Green Space yang memiliki vegetasi beragam, biodiversitas tinggi, aksesibilitas yang baik, desain biophilic, serta menyediakan peluang eksplorasi berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan perhatian, konsentrasi, memori kerja, fungsi eksekutif, kemampuan pemecahan masalah, pemahaman konsep, motivasi belajar, dan kesejahteraan psikologis siswa. Efektivitasnya semakin meningkat ketika diintegrasikan melalui pendekatan outdoor learning, nature-based learning, permainan berbasis alam, dan pembelajaran sains kontekstual. Disimpulkan bahwa Green Space berfungsi sebagai lingkungan belajar yang mendukung stimulasi perkembangan kognitif siswa sekolah dasar. Temuan ini memberikan dasar konseptual bagi pengembangan kebijakan sekolah hijau serta perancangan lingkungan belajar berkelanjutan yang mengintegrasikan Green Space ke dalam proses pembelajaran.
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