Pengaruh Pengembangan Kompetensi SDM, Kepemimpinan Digital, dan Budaya Inovasi terhadap Kinerja Operasional dan Efisiensi Ekonomi Perusahaan Era Industri 4.0
Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/anthor.v5i5.1457Keywords:
Industri 4.0, Pengembangan Kompetensi SDM, Kepemimpinan Digital, Budaya Inovasi Kinerja Operasional, Efisiensi EkonomiAbstract
Transformasi digital Industri 4.0 menuntut integrasi kompetensi sumber daya manusia (SDM), kepemimpinan digital, dan budaya inovasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja operasional dan efisiensi ekonomi perusahaan. Namun, bukti empiris mengenai hubungan langsung, tidak langsung, dan interaksi ketiga faktor tersebut masih terfragmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis temuan empiris mengenai kontribusi ketiga faktor tersebut terhadap kinerja perusahaan melalui systematic literature review yang berpedoman pada PRISMA 2020. Penelusuran pada OpenAlex dan Semantic Scholar mengidentifikasi 55 rekaman, dengan 13 studi dilaporkan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kualitas metodologis dievaluasi menggunakan Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018, sedangkan temuan dianalisis melalui sintesis tematik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi digital, kepemimpinan yang mendukung transformasi, dan budaya inovasi berkaitan dengan peningkatan kinerja melalui adopsi teknologi, pembelajaran organisasi, kapabilitas inovasi, dan motivasi. Namun, kekuatan hubungan berbeda menurut karakteristik sektor, definisi konstruk, dan desain penelitian. Bukti mengenai interaksi eksplisit ketiga faktor masih terbatas. Selain itu, ketidaklengkapan pelaporan ukuran sampel pada sebagian studi menghambat perhitungan jumlah partisipan kumulatif secara andal. Penelitian ini menawarkan sintesis integratif yang membedakan mekanisme pengaruh langsung, mediasi, dan kemungkinan interaksi, sekaligus mengidentifikasi kebutuhan penelitian longitudinal dan pengukuran efisiensi ekonomi yang lebih spesifik.
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